Global Warming

Humans have now experienced the industrial revolution which lives depend on the industry sector. By using the orientation of the living world into decline slowly. Changing the value of human life, especially in human interaction with the environment. One of the effects of the industrial revolution that has taken place and continues to the present in human life is the impact on the environment that is around the man himself.

The industry players such as the construction of factories and manufacturing production with large capacity resulting adverse impact on human living environment and life. Environmental experts have found indications of the impact on the environment and the world's most globally due to efforts made and the industry has been growing rapidly at this time. The world's warming is called Global Warning. Some parties who think Global Warming is a reason that was created to limit industrial development.

Global Warming is the increase in the average temperature of the atmosphere, ocean, and land earth. Global average temperature at the earth's surface has increased over the last hundred years. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that "most of the increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century, caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases due to human activities". There are still some scientists who disagree with the conclusions of the IPCC.

Climate models referenced by the IPCC project shows global surface temperature will increase between 1990 and 2100. The difference in estimates was caused by the use of different scenarios on the emissions of greenhouse gases in the future as well as the different climate models. Increasing global temperature will cause changes such as rising sea levels and increased intensity of extreme weather phenomena. As a result of global warming include agricultural output and the extinction of various animal species.

The greenhouse effect, all sources of energy contained in the earth comes from the sun. Most of the energy form of short-wave radiation, including visible light. Earth's surface will absorb some of the heat and reflect. However, some heat remains trapped in the earth's atmosphere due to the accumulated amount of greenhouse gases. These gases reflect back radiation waves emitted heat of the earth and as a result will be stored in the earth's surface.

Solar variations, some scientists have argued that the variation of the sun which is then amplified by feedback from the cloud is able to contribute to global warming. Increased solar activity can lead to increased temperature stratosphere. Matahri variation phenomena and volcanic activity in various parts of the earth is estimated to have caused the warming effect since 1950. As well as causing a cooling effect since 1950.

Scientists have used a variety of advanced technology to study global warming. Based on the analysis of several scientists have estimated the impact of global warning is happening on earth. During the northern part of the ongoing global warming of the earth will heat up faster than other areas. This causes a lot of icebergs melting and shrinking land in the area.

As a result, areas that were once experienced light snow, perhaps some time to come will not experience it again due to global warming. The volume of sea water will rise and increasing ocean levels. In addition due to global warming has been melting more ice dikutub. Scientists have predicted that the 21st century sea level will continue to rise about 9-88 cm.

Most people think that the earth is warmer capable of yielding more various kinds of food from the previous results. On the other hand various dry agricultural land due to the lack of irrigation water if global temperatures continue to rise. Plants will change the direction of its growth rate for the new habitat. Various efforts dilakuakn mapun being discussed at this time none of them is able to prevent global warming in the future.

Global warming requires treatment to prevent, reduce, and mitigate the effects of global warming. One of the causes of global warming is the use of fossil fuels with rising levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. Total consumption of fossil fuels (coal and oil) in the world will increase by about 1%  year. Measures undertaken or are being discussed at this time can not prevent global warming in the future. The challenge is to overcome the effects that arise while performing steps to prevent increased climate change in the future.

Efforts to combat global warming by changing personal behavior. Better action in addressing, reducing, and prevention of global warming is to change human behavior, because an understanding of global warming invested today will have a major impact on future generations. By using alternative energy, preserve forests, removing the use of CFCs, and improve the quality of vehicles with emissions testing. Reducing carbon, can be done by planting and maintaining plants in large numbers. Replacing the use of fossil fuels with alternative fuels, such as water, wind, and sunlight.

There are some simple ways you can do to participate tackle global warming is happening today. Global warming could cause all sorts of horrible disasters such as drought, famine, hurricanes, floods, tsunamis, and many more. Cycling is one way to address global warming. Using public transport also means participating in the effort to tackle global warming. Electricity saving movement or use the electricity for the fair is a real action tackling global warming. Using electricity as needed berari we also reduce carbon emissions that cause global warming.

            Using this as necessary gadget is a form of care for the environment and efforts to reduce the rate of global warming. Gadget run with electric power produced by burning fossil fuels that cause global warming. Reducing the amount of paper consumption means reducing the rate of felling trees in the forest. Two effective ways to limit CO2 emissions is to replace fossil fuels with energy sources that do not produce CO2, and using fossil fuels more efficiently.

            Alternative energy sources that do not produce CO2 as wind, sun, nuclear energy, and natural gas. The device, known as wind turbines can convert wind energy into electrical energy. Solar cells convert sunlight into electrical energy, and a variety of tools can convert solar energy into useful heat. Geothermal power plants convert the energy of underground natural gas into electrical energy.

            CO2 emissions could be reduced if cars and trucks use fuel more efficiently. Some scientists and engineers are constantly researching to create an engine that works with more fuel efficiency. Another inventor who developed the system to replace the combustion engine, or use a smaller engine to prevent global warming. Semikian how to prevent global warming can be done to reduce the concentration of CO2 emissions in the air.

Learning English

Experience getting to know the English language since she was in elementary school. The material was first taught by the class teacher about the meaning of a noun that there are around. Then I tried to memorize the nouns with the correct pronunciation. Continues to interpret a sequence of numbers, names of months, days of the week, the name of a fruit and much more.

Initially many thought English was easy and fun, because I think English was not much different from the Indonesian. Develop or stringing words in the English language is like we are stringing words in Indonesian. Staying Indonesian language word we translate into English and then I assemble like wording in Indonesian. And it turns out once learned, English is not as easy as I had imagined.

From the start that I was interested in learning English, my parents enrolled me in one place English language courses. In my courses are taught how to speak English properly. I began to learn of the early introduction of English to speak English correctly. Learning English is not only of material given in schools or courses but from music and movies also can learn.

Listening to English music can make our brains active. In addition to listening to English words, our brain will try to save and think about the meaning of the lyrics at the same time. Watching English movies, we also get the same process. Not just by listening to music, but also by looking at the picture. We can also know the correct pronunciation of English words and about English conversation.

Learning English fun and has a lot of interesting ways that make the learning process easier. By learning English we have many advantages, such as we know and understand all of the English language. We can easily communicate with foreigners and we can visit any country without any worry. Many jobs require people who know English well, it can make us easy to find a job and make our future better.

Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2 (Pertemuan ke-2)

Passive Sentences

Passive and Active Voices

Verbs are also said to be either active (The executive committee approved the new policy) or passive (The new policy was approved by the executive committee) in voice. In the active voice, the subject and verb relationship is straightforward: the subject is a be-er or a do-er and the verb moves the sentence along. In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is neither a do-er or a be-er, but is acted upon by some other agent or by something unnamed (The new policy was approved). Computerized grammar checkers can pick out a passive voice construction from miles away and ask you to revise it to a more active construction. There is nothing inherently wrong with the passive voice, but if you can say the same thing in the active mode, do so (see exceptions below). Your text will have more pizzazz as a result, since passive verb constructions tend to lie about in their pajamas and avoid actual work.

We find an overabundance of the passive voice in sentences created by self-protective business interests, magniloquent educators, and bombastic military writers (who must get weary of this accusation), who  use the passive voice to avoid responsibility for actions taken. Thus "Cigarette ads were designed to appeal especially to children" places the burden on the ads — as opposed to "We designed the cigarette ads to appeal especially to children," in which "we" accepts responsibility. At a White House press briefing we might hear that "The President was advised that certain members of Congress were being audited" rather than "The Head of the Internal Revenue service advised the President that her agency was auditing certain members of Congress" because the passive construction avoids responsibility for advising and for auditing. One further caution about the passive voice: we should not mix active and passive constructions in the same sentence: "The executive committee approved the new policy, and the calendar for next year's meetings was revised" should be recast as "The executive committee approved the new policy and revised the calendar for next year's meeting."

Take the quiz (below) as an exercise in recognizing and changing passive verbs.

The passive voice does exist for a reason, however, and its presence is not always to be despised. The passive is particularly useful (even recommended) in two situations:

• When it is more important to draw our attention to the person or thing acted upon: The unidentified victim was apparently struck during the early morning hours.
• When the actor in the situation is not important: The aurora borealis can be observed in the early morning hours.

The passive voice is especially helpful (and even regarded as mandatory) in scientific or technical writing or lab reports, where the actor is not really important but the process or principle being described is of ultimate importance. Instead of writing "I poured 20 cc of acid into the beaker," we would write "Twenty cc of acid is/was poured into the beaker." The passive voice is also useful when describing, say, a mechanical process in which the details of process are much more important than anyone's taking responsibility for the action: "The first coat of primer paint is applied immediately after the acid rinse."

We use the passive voice to good effect in a paragraph in which we wish to shift emphasis from what was the object in a first sentence to what becomes the subject in subsequent sentences.

The executive committee approved an entirely new policy for dealing with academic suspension and withdrawal. The policy had been written by a subcommittee on student behavior. If students withdraw from course work before suspension can take effect, the policy states, a mark of "IW". The paragraph is clearly about this new policy so it is appropriate that policy move from being the object in the first sentence to being the subject of the second sentence.

Passive Sentences Rumus

1.      Passive Voice [Simple Present Tense]

 Pattern = Subject + to be + Verb3

2.      Passive Voice [Present Continous Tense]

 Pattern = Subject + to be + being + Verb3

3.      Passive Voice [Present Perfect Tense]

 Pattern = Subject + have/has + been + Verb3

4.      Passive Voice [Simple Past Tense]

 Pattern = Subject + to be (was – were) + Verb 2

5.      Passive Voice [Past Continous Tense]

 Pattern = Subject + to be (was – were) + Verb3

6.      Passie Voice [Past Perfect Tense]

 Pattern = Subject + had + been + Verb3 

7.      Passive Voice [Simple Future Tense]

 Pattern = Subject + will + be + Verb3

8.      Passive Voice [Future Continous Tense]

 Pattern = Subject + will be + being + Verb3

9.      Passive Voice [Future Perfect Tense]

 Pattern = Subject + will have + been + Verb3

Example :

1.    Once a week, Tom cleans the house.                                             (active)

Once a week, the house is cleaned by Tom.                                  (passive)

2.    Right now, Sarah is writing the letter.                                           (active)

Right now, the letter is being written by Sarah.                            (passive)

3.    Sam repaired the car.                                                                      (active)

The car was repaired by Sam.                                                        (passive)

4.    My mother would always make the pies.                                       (active)

The pies would always be made by my mother.                            (passive)

5.    Many tourists have visited that castle.                                           (active)

That castle has been visited by many tourists.                               (passive)

6.    Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM.                                    (active)

The work will be finished by 5:00 PM.                                          (passive)

7.    Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.                         (active)

A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight.              (passive)

8.    At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes.                  (active)

At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John.     (passive)

9.    Jerry used to pay the bills.                                                              (active)

The bills used to be paid by Jerry.                                                  (passive)

10. I knew John would finish the work by 5:00 PM.                         (active)

      I knew the work would be finished by 5:00 PM.                         (passive)

Referensi         :

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/passive.htm

https://alwaysfriend.wordpress.com/rumus-passive-voice/

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/activepassive.html

BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2 (SOFTSKILL)

 

My Hobbies

Hello my name is Mela Sukmawati. So let me tell you about my hobby. My hobbies is watching movies. My favorite genre movies are action, romance, comedy and horror. One of my favorite movie are If I stay, Remember Me and The Tourist. Lately, i like to read a book as novel, comic, magazine, and other. Since i was small often read books story by my mother . Of the stories that 's my become intrigued to read more and more particularly novel. Because of curiosity i that is just like to read as by reading us like paying into the wider world filled with inspiration, imagination and information that has not been we knew before. Since i was reading books is like dealing with life stories a day or novel, is the science of public knowledge, and other. Started from the frequent read story books or my novel was so interested in writing. Not only a hobby read what we write, i also had a hobby another that is listening to music. I kind of love of music since i was little. I like all kinds of music. Because i like to listen to music, i also love singing when listening to music.

My hobby is singing in the other. When i was little my parents ever signed me in the event of singing competition. According to them i very active as a child, i dare to appear in front of the crowds. At the time i managed to win the race that's three. I can also play music guitar instrument. At first i get an instrument music the guitar when i was sixteen years old. The first time i learn how to play the guitar with a friend my class when i was in school. I continue to learn with some cord download songs. Finally i are trying to learn the guitar own cord with which i have already downloaded. After i college, i have rarely play guitar again. Until finally i forgot with some cord guitar. I teach college friend of the guitar again cord until the beginning of my playing the guitar now smoothly again. In addition to playing the guitar i also have other hobbies are in sports like swimming and running. I have a little story about a hobby of swimming, while small i absolutely could not swim because ever happened a bad thing. Small time i had sunk in a swimming pool while on holiday with family. Since i was starting to fear to swim . Until finally i was eightteen years old i tried to swim accompanied by my mother.

And finally there is swimming is one of my hobbies another. Running in the morning is my hobbies which until recently still I love routine. Every sunday morning me and mother always taking the time to exercise run. I usually run around and mother of housing complex near the house or garden. Not just me and mother of course that run the morning that a lot of my neighbor was also a sport. One of the incident i 'd ever experienced when i was run. sports. That time i never fall because of my feet stumble stone in the park. But from one scene that i have ever natural , i still like a hobby run . I think hobby run is one of many benefits. One example of the benefits of run is to make my body getting healthier and fresh to undergo a routine activities me.

There is another hobby I like to do with mother and my friends that way to the mall. I like to spend time with mother and friends in the mall to simply remove bored. Every holiday me and mother always taking time to the streets to the mall. So also when the day of college i sometimes my friends and no the duty of college or waiting for lecturers , me and friends the streets to the mall. The streets to the mall is one way to deprive of saturated with a problem. Not to shop but to refresh the mind. Sometimes i go with a friend at the mall to search a place eating and while college perform tasks that had not been finished.

BAB 14 ETIKA BISNIS INDIVIDU

KASUS-KASUS ARAHAN DOSEN

A.  Kasus BUMN

“Sofyan Djalil, Mantan Menteri BUMN akan Diperiksa KPK terkait Kasus Century.”

Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi menjadwalkan pemeriksaan mantan Menteri BUMN Sofyan Djalil terkait penyidikan kasus dugaan korupsi pemberian fasilitas pendanaan jangka pendek dan penetapan Bank Century sebagai bank gagal berdampak sistemik. Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK) menyatakan kerugian negara akibat pemberian FPJP dari BI ke Bank Century mencapai Rp689,3 miliar, sedangkan penetapan Bank Century sebagai bank gagal berdampak sistemik sehingga merugikan keuangan negara sebesar Rp6,76 triliun sehingga total kerugian negara adalah Rp7,4 triliun.

B.  Kasus Merger

“Merger Bank CIMB.”

Merupakan kasus merger yang terjadi pada Bank Niaga dan Bank Lippo. Bank Niaga didirikan pada 26 September 1955, dan saat ini lnerupakan bank ke-7 terbesar di Indonesia berdasarkan aset serta ke-2 terbesar di segmen Kredit Kepemilikan Rumah dengan pangsa pasar sekitar 9-10%. Bumiputra-Commerce Holdings Rerhad (BCHB) memegang kepemilikan mayoritas sejak 25 November2002, kemudian dialihkan kepada CIMB Group, anak perusahaan yang dimiliki sepenuhnya oleh RCHB, pada 16 Agustus 2007. Bank Lippo didirikan pada bulan Maret 1948. Menyusul merger dengan PT Bank Unium Asia. Bank Lippo mencatatkan sahamnva di Bursa Efek pada November 1989. Pemerintah RI menjadi pemegang sahaln mayoritas di Bank Lippo melalui program rekapitalisasi yang dilaksanakan pada 28 Mei 1999. Pada tanggal 30 September 2005, setelah memperoleh persetu-iuan Bank Indonesia, Khazanah IVasional Berhad mengakuisisi kepemilikan mayoritas di Bank Lippo. PT. Bank CTMB Niaga-Tbk berdiri pada tanggal 1 November 2008. PT. Bank CIMB Niaga merupakan hasil merger antara PT. Bank Niaga (Persero) Tbk dengan PT. Bank Lippo (Persero) Tbk. Proses merger dilakukan dengan cara Commerce International Merchant Bankers (CIMB) Group membeli 51 persen saham Bank Lippo yang dimiliki oleh Santubong Ventures. anak usaha dari Khazanah. Khazanah sendiri adalah perusahaan besar dibidang keuangan asal Malaysia. Total pembelian saham Bank Lippo oleh CIMB Group Rp 5,9 triliun atau setara 2.1 miliar ringgit Malaysia. Sebagai gantinya Khzanah akan memperoleh 207,l Juta lembar saham baru di Bank Bumlputera - Commerce Holding Berhard (BCHB) yakni perusahan pemilik CIMB Group. Seluruh saham Bank Lippo akan ditukar menjadi sahani Rank Niaga dengan rasio 2,822 saham Bank Niaga per I lembar saham Bank Lippo. Seluruh asset dan kewajiban Bank Lippo akan dialihkan ke Bank Niaga. Dalam proses merger tersebut CIMB menawarkan fasilitas voluntary dan standby facility yang memungkinkan pemegang saham minoritas dikedua bank untuk melepas saham mereka dan tidak berpartisipasi dalam proses merger.

C.  Kasus Akuisisi

“Kasus Akuisisi BTN-Bank Mandiri akan Dilaporkan ke KPK.”

Rencana akusisi PT Bank Tabungan Negara oleh PT Bank Mandiri Tbk (BMRI) dinilai banyak kejanggalan. Salah satunya adalah dugaan adanya aksi ambil untung dari gejolak harga saham kedua perusahaan negara tersebut yang dilakukan para pejabat negara. Ketua Serikat Pekerja BTN Satya Wijayantara menjelaskan bahwa pihaknya akan segera melaporkan dugaan adanya aksi ambil untung yang dilakukan oleh para pejabat di Kementerian BUMN, dan Bank Mandiri atas gejolak harga saham beberapa waktu lalu. Menyikapi hal itu, Satya menegaskan segera melaporkan dugaan ini ke Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK). Dahlan Iskan selaku Meneg BUMN tidak mencabut dua agenda tersebut maka selain mendatangi KPK, SP BTN juga akan mengepung kompleks DPR RI dan kantor BPK RI untuk menyampaikan bahwa penyelenggara negara di Kementerian BUMN, dan Bank Mandiri, yang mengeruk keuntungan dari kasus ini. Saham BTN cenderung tertekan pada perdagangan saham Kamis setelah pemerintah memutuskan menunda akuisisi BTN oleh Bank Mandiri. Harga saham BTN sempat berada di level tertinggi Rp 1.290 per saham dan terendah Rp 1.170 per saham. Secara year to date, saham BBTN naik 33,33% dari harga Rp 870 per saham pada 30 Desember 2013 menjadi Rp 1.305 per saham pada 23 April 2014.

D.  Kasus Tender

“Persekongkolan Tender Perluasan Gedung Pelayanan Pajak Dalam Proyek Pengadaan Barang Dan Jasa Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Madya Batam Tahun Anggaran 2007 (PUTUSAN PERKARA NOMOR: 05/KPPU-L/2008).”

UU No.5 Tahun 1999 melarang segala bentuk cara persekongkolan oleh pelaku usaha dengan tujuan mengatur atau menentukan pemenang suatu tender. Dalam studi kasus ini KPPU menerima laporan adanya pelanggaran kasus persekongkolan dalam pelaksanaan tender yang diadakan Panitia Tender dalam proyek Perluasan Gedung Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Madya Batam Tahun Anggaran 2007 mengadakan proyek pengadaan barang yang dilakukan secara pelelangan umum. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam studi kasus ini adalah Hal-hal apa saja yang harus dibuktikan mengenai unsur persekongkolan dalam tender dan Sanksi yang dapat dikenakan terhadap para pelaku usaha dalam kasus persekongkolan Proyek Pengadaan dan Jasa Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Madya Batam Tahun Anggaran 2007 dalam Putusan Nomor 05/KPPU-L/2008. Kesimpulan dari studi kasus ini yaitu unsur-unsur Pasal 22 dituangkan dalam Pedoman Pasal 22
Tentang Larangan dalam Tender Berdasarkan UU No. 5 tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat oleh KPPU. KPPU hanya memiliki kewenangan menjatuhkan sanksi administratif denda dan atau ganti rugi dan perintah kepada pelaku usaha untuk menhentikan usahanya. Saran yang ingin disampaikan dalam studi kasus ini adalah Perlunya diadakan suatu sosialisasi dan pendekatan hukum dalam pembuktian kasus dugaan pelanggaran Pasal 22 tentang persekongkolan walaupun sudah ada ketentuan yang mengatur serta pedoman larangan persekongkolan dalam pengadaan barang dan jasa dan Perlu dibentuknya suatu peraturan pedoman yang menjelaskan lebih jelas mengenai sanksi administratif terutama.

Sumber :

http://berita2bahasa.com/berita/01/1624151-sofyan-djalil-mantan-menteri-bumn-akan-diperiksa-kpk-terkait-kasus-century

http://kusicerdas.blogspot.com/2013/05/contoh-merger.html

http://palingaktual.com/498478/kasus-akuisisi-btn-bank-mandiri-akan-dilaporkan-ke-kpk/read/

https://lib.atmajaya.ac.id/default.aspx?tabID=61&src=k&id=162422